![]() Scale is a common term used in the oil and gas industry to describe solid deposits that grow over time, blocking and hindering fluid flow 1. The single step dissolution process showed its effectiveness and could potentially save significant pumping time if implemented in operation. Both 7-pH and 10.5-pH dissolvers showed high stability at high temperature and minimum corrosion rates. The reaction product has been characterized and showed it is not corrosive. ![]() The 10.5-pH dissolver was effective in most of the cases and provided highest dissolution efficiency. It was observed that the dissolver solution was effective at low pH (7) and resulted in a negligible amount of reaction product with 3 wt% CaSO 4 dissolution. A reaction product (K 2SO 4) was obtained in most of the tests with different quantities and was soluble in both water and HCl. Fourier transform infrared, X-ray crystallography, ion chromatography, stability tests and corrosion tests were carried out to test the end product of the process and showcase the stability of the dissolver at high temperature conditions. Various parameters were investigated to obtain a dissolver composition at which the optimum dissolution efficiency is achieved including the effect of dissolver pH, soaking time, the concentration of K4-EDTA, the concentration of potassium carbonate (K 2CO 3), temperature impact and agitation effect. The CaSO 4 scale was converted to calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) and potassium sulfate (K 2SO 4) using a conversion agent, potassium carbonate (K 2CO 3), at a high temperature (200 ☏) and under various pH conditions. In this study, a single-step method utilizing potassium carbonate and tetrapotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (K4-EDTA) at high temperature (200 ☏) has been used to remove CaSO 4 scale. Removing this scale is considered an economically feasible process in most cases as it enhances the productivity of wells and prevents potential severe equipment damage. So we might predict that a non-polar solvent that doesn't dissolve salts would be a bad solvent for a double replacement reaction.Calcium sulfate (CaSO 4) scale has been identified as one of the most common scales contributing to several serious operating problems in oil and gas wells and water injectors. The more you know about how the reaction occurs, and the more you know about the properties of different solvents (like their polarity), the more educated of a guess you can make! For example, in double replacement reactions, we know that the solubility of the reactants is important because we need free ions around. In general, it's tricky to predict for any random reaction what medium it might need. Water is a really great solvent whenever you want to have ions around. Double replacement reactions always occur in water, with the reactants in the aqueous state. Luckily, there aren't that many strong acids and bases, and you can learn morem about this from this video: Īnything that is soluble in water and dissolved (separated into individual cations and anions) is in the aqueous state. It is helpful to have the strong acids and bases memorized, since they have special reactivity. The cation (or positively charged ion) of the salt comes from the base, and the anion (or negatively charged ion) comes from the acid. If you have tried this reaction at home, you probably remember a lot of fizzing because the neutralization reaction is accompanied by a gas-producing reaction, where the carbonic acid decomposes into carbon dioxide gas-bubbles!-and water.Ī salt is generally any ionic compound, though I have also seen it defined as an ionic compound that is formed when you react an acid and a base. A + B − + C + D − → A + D − + C + B − \greenD NaCH 3 COO start text, N, a, C, H, end text, start subscript, 3, end subscript, start text, C, O, O, end text.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |